Dark under-eye circles, also known as periorbital hyperpigmentation, refer to the darkened skin underneath the eyes. They can vary in color, ranging from bluish, purplish, to brownish hues.

These circles may appear due to various factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and aging.

Dark under-eye circles can have various causes. Here are some possible factors contributing to their development:

• Aging: As we age, the skin undergoes natural changes, including the loss of collagen and thinning of the skin. These changes can make the blood vessels beneath the eyes more apparent, contributing to the appearance of dark circles.
• Sun Exposure: Excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This can lead to hyperpigmentation in the under-eye area, making dark circles more prominent.

• Genetics: Genetic factors play a significant role in determining the thickness and pigmentation of the under-eye skin. If your parents or close relatives have dark circles, you may be more prone to developing them as well.
• Thin and Transparent Skin: The skin beneath the eyes is naturally thinner and more delicate compared to other areas of the face. This thinness can make blood vessels more visible, leading to the appearance of dark circles.
• Lack of Sleep: Insufficient sleep or poor sleep quality can result in dilated blood vessels and reduced blood circulation, causing the skin under the eyes to appear paler and darker.
• Allergies and Nasal Congestion: Allergic reactions can trigger histamine release, leading to blood vessel dilation and increased blood flow to the under-eye area. Additionally, persistent nasal congestion can cause blood vessels to expand, resulting in dark circles.
• Eye Rubbing and Irritation: Frequent rubbing or scratching of the delicate under-eye skin can cause inflammation, resulting in dark circles. Itchy eyes due to allergies or eye strain can contribute to this habit.
• Dehydration: Inadequate hydration can make the skin appear dull and accentuate the visibility of blood vessels, making dark circles more noticeable.
• Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to poor blood circulation and damage the skin’s collagen and elastin fibers, contributing to the formation of dark circles
• Stress and Fatigue: Prolonged stress, fatigue, and an unhealthy lifestyle can take a toll on your overall health and contribute to the development of dark under-eye circles.

It is important to note that each individual may have a unique combination of factors contributing to their dark circles. Identifying the underlying cause can help in choosing appropriate treatment options and preventive measures.

• Cold Compresses: Applying a cold compress can help constrict blood vessels and reduce puffiness and discoloration. You can use a cold washcloth, chilled cucumber slices, or a refrigerated spoon. Gently place the compress on your closed eyelids for 10-15 minutes daily.
• Tea Bags: Place cooled tea bags (such as green tea or chamomile) on your closed eyes for 10-15 minutes. The antioxidants and tannins in tea can help reduce inflammation and darkness. Ensure the tea bags are cool to avoid any discomfort or burning sensation.
• Eye Creams: Look for eye creams or serums specifically formulated to address dark circles. Choose products that contain ingredients like vitamin C, retinol, kojic acid, arbutin, caffeine, or niacinamide. These ingredients can help lighten the under-eye area, improve circulation, and reduce pigmentation. Follow the product instructions for application.
• Natural Remedies: There are several natural ingredients that may help lighten and rejuvenate the under-eye area. You can try applying a small amount of almond oil, rosewater, cucumber juice, or potato slices to the under-eye skin. Leave them on for 15-20 minutes and then rinse with cool water. These ingredients have soothing and brightening properties.

It is important to note that home remedies may not provide immediate or drastic results. Consistency and patience are key.

If your dark circles persist or worsen despite home remedies, it is advisable to consult an aesthetic physician or healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

Preventing dark under-eye circles is essential to maintain a fresh and youthful appearance. Here are some prevention tips to help minimize the likelihood of developing dark circles:

• Protect Yourself from Sun Exposure: Excessive sun exposure can trigger melanin production and worsen pigmentation issues. Wear sunscreen with a high SPF, especially around the eye area. Additionally, wear sunglasses with UV protection and a wide-brimmed hat to shield your eyes from direct sunlight.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle contributes to overall skin health. Incorporate regular exercise into your routine to improve blood circulation and promote healthy skin. Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, exercise, and engaging in activities you enjoy.
• Get Sufficient Sleep: Ensure you get an adequate amount of quality sleep each night. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep to allow your body and skin to rejuvenate. Elevate your head with an extra pillow to prevent fluid accumulation around the eyes.
• Manage Allergies and Nasal Congestion: Allergies and nasal congestion can lead to rubbing and itching of the eyes, causing dark circles. Identify and manage allergens that trigger your allergies, and seek appropriate medical treatment or use antihistamines to alleviate symptoms.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to maintain hydration. Proper hydration helps keep your skin plump and prevents the appearance of dullness and dehydration lines.
• Adopt a Healthy Diet: Incorporate a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Include foods high in antioxidants, vitamins (particularly vitamin K and C), and minerals to support skin health and reduce the risk of dark circles.
• Eye Protection and Care: Be gentle when cleansing and moisturizing the eye area. Use a mild cleanser and apply a hydrating eye cream or serum to keep the skin nourished and hydrated. Avoid rubbing or pulling on the delicate under-eye skin.
• Limit Alcohol and Tobacco Use: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can contribute to poor blood circulation and damage collagen and elastin fibers, making dark circles more noticeable. Limit or avoid alcohol intake and quit smoking to improve overall skin health.
• Use Eye Protection During Activities: When engaging in activities that may strain your eyes, such as reading or working on a computer for extended periods, ensure proper lighting and take frequent breaks to rest your eyes.
• Regular Eye Exams: Schedule regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist to address any underlying eye conditions that may contribute to dark circles. Proper eye care can help maintain optimal eye health.

By implementing these prevention tips into your daily routine, you can minimize the likelihood of developing dark under-eye circles and maintain a more vibrant appearance.

When home remedies and preventive measures are not sufficient, there are various cosmetic treatments available that can help address dark under-eye circles.

These treatments are typically performed by aesthetic physicians or other skincare experts. Here are some common cosmetic treatments for dark under-eye circles:

• Chemical Peels: Chemical peels involve applying a chemical solution to the skin, which exfoliates the outer layer and promotes the growth of new, healthier skin. This can help reduce pigmentation, improve skin texture, and minimize the appearance of dark circles. The strength of the peel can be adjusted based on the severity of the condition.
• Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can target the excess melanin in the under-eye area and stimulate collagen production. This can help lighten dark circles and improve skin texture. Different types of lasers, such as fractional lasers or Q-switched lasers, may be used based on the specific needs and skin type of the individual.
• Dermal Fillers: Hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers (such as Restylane, Juvederm, etc) can be injected into the under-eye area to plump up hollow areas and reduce the appearance of dark circles. The fillers help restore lost volume and can provide a smoother and more rejuvenated appearance. Results are temporary and typically last several months to a year, depending on the product used.
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy: PRP therapy involves drawing a small amount of the patient’s blood, processing it to concentrate the platelets, and then injecting the platelet-rich plasma into the under-eye area. PRP contains growth factors that promote collagen production and tissue regeneration. It can help improve skin texture, stimulate collagen, and reduce the appearance of dark circles. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) therapy which is a derivative of PRP therapy can also be used for treating dark under-eye circles.
• Microneedling: Microneedling, also known as collagen induction therapy, involves using a device with fine needles to create tiny punctures in the skin. This process stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, leading to improved skin texture and reduced pigmentation. Microneedling can be combined with the application of serums or PRP/PRF to enhance its effectiveness.
• Surgical Treatments: In severe cases of dark circles caused by excess fat or skin laxity, surgical procedures such as lower blepharoplasty may be considered. This involves the removal or repositioning of excess fat and tightening of the skin around the lower eyelids to improve the appearance of dark circles.

It is important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional or aesthetic physician to determine the most appropriate cosmetic treatment for your specific needs. They will evaluate your skin condition, discuss your expectations, and recommend the best course of action.

Each treatment option carries its own risks and benefits, and the suitability of the treatment will depend on factors such as skin type, medical history, and individual goals.

Dark under-eye circles can be a nuisance, but with the right approach, they can be effectively treated and prevented. Home remedies, such as cold compresses, eye creams, and adequate sleep, can help improve their appearance.

By protecting your skin from the sun, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, you can reduce the chances of developing dark circles. In more severe cases, cosmetic treatments offer additional options for achieving a brighter, rejuvenated under-eye area.

Remember, consulting with an aesthetic physician or skincare professional is recommended for personalized advice and treatment options.

Cleveland Clinic. Dark Circles Under Eyes: Causes and Treatments. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23128-dark-circles-under-eyes. Accessed June 7, 2023.

Mayo Clinic. Dark Circles Under Eyes: Causes. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/dark-circles-under-eyes/basics/causes/sym-20050624. Accessed June 7, 2023.

Medical News Today. Dark circles under the eyes: Causes and risk factors. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325989#causes-and-risk-factors. Accessed June 7, 2023.